Air pollution warnings raised across northern France

Warnings over heightened pollution levels in the north of France are continuing (March 9), following a drop in air quality over the weekend.

The Nord department faces the highest risk today, level five of six (très mauvais) on the official AtmoFrance scale, which ranks air quality from bon to extrêmement mauvais.

Several other departments in the north face the third-highest warning (mauvais) – Eure, Seine-Maritime, Eure-et-Loir, Loiret, and coastal areas of the Pas-de-Calais – with more than 30 others on a level three of six (dégradé) warning. 

Alerts relate to the presence of fine particle matter (particules fines) or PM2.5 in the atmosphere, although several areas are also recording a heightened level of PM10 particles.

Inhaling these particles can cause several short-term issues including respiratory problems and heart issues (the smallest of the pollutants can enter the bloodstream), and prolonged exposure increases the risk of long-term health problems.

Risks are higher for those with existing respiratory issues or other health issues.

As of 08:00 on Monday, there are no rule changes in place due to the pollution (increases of particles in the atmosphere sometimes lead to a drop in speed limits, as was the case in Normandy in 2025).

Residents are, however, advised to avoid inhaling pollutants where possible by avoiding areas with higher pollution levels (roadsides, construction sites, etc). Those who suffer from existing respiratory or other health conditions should stay indoors where possible. 

What causes this pollution and will it continue? 

The pollution spike is being recorded across northern Europe, in southern England and Belgium/The Netherlands.

Fine particles originate mostly from construction and demolition sites, as well as motorways and areas with a high volume of cars (hence the reduced speed limit during pollution peaks). 

They also come from the residential sector, linked to pollutants from non-energy efficient heating sources and biomass waste.

The issue is generally worse in winter as cold and dry air combines to trap and then retain pollutant particles in the atmosphere for longer, therefore increasing exposure (particularly for those near building sites or major roads). 

As the week progresses, pollution in the north should decrease, although levels of PM10 pollution will increase along the Loire Valley. 

The official AtmoFrance website gives a daily update on pollutant levels across France. Alongside an interactive map, you can search for pollutant (and pollen) levels in your commune. 

The Prev’Air website offers a similar map, as well as more information on pollutant particles and their effects.