New formalities could mean visas

The scale of the changes is not yet known but, with new anti-terror border controls, the situation for non-EU nationals entering EU countries like France could become yet more complicated.

At present Britons face few formalities, just showing a passport, but after Brexit the options might range from having to complete an online form and pay a fee, similar to Europeans visiting the US – as well as having to show finance and healthcare cover for the trip – to having to apply for a visa.

Non-EEA citizens visiting Schen­gen area countries for trips of three months or less, also face extra border checks and must show the reasons for their stay and planned accommodation. Non EU residents need permits for employment. The French and EU official sites give more details.