What cancer screening and tests are available in France?

France provides comprehensive cancer screening programmes aimed at early detection for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. 

As a resident in France and part of the healthcare system, you will receive an invitation to visit screening centres from the age of 50.

There will be nothing to pay up-front as the state covers the full cost of these screenings.

Screening is also available for other types of cancer although the costs may only be partially reimbursed. 

People living with cancer in France can also find extensive support, both from the state and from charities.

Breast cancer screening in France

Breast cancer (cancer du sein) detection plays a critical role in improving survival rates. Early diagnosis offers more treatment options and can reduce the severity of side effects. 

For women aged 50 to 74, you will be sent a voucher every two years for a mammogram (mammographie), which must be used within two months.

Mammograms are 100% reimbursed by Assurance Maladie, with no upfront payment required. 

Screening appointments can be made direct with a centre de radiologie (x-ray centre) and you will need your voucher letter, carte Vitale and previous mammogram if you have one.

Women aged 25 and older are also advised to undergo annual clinical breast examinations.

Women at higher risk, such as those with a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors (eg. alcohol consumption or hormone treatments), should let their doctor know so they can organise regular screening. 

Colorectal cancer screening

Colorectal cancer (cancer colorectal) is one of the most prevalent cancers in France, with over 47,000 cases annually. 

Fortunately, it is highly treatable if detected early, with a 90% cure rate. 

A screening invitation will be sent every two years if you are aged 50 to 74, for a free of charge immunological stool test.

You can ask for this at home screening kit from a pharmacist or your GP, who will also provide a prepaid envelope to send the sample to the testing centre. 

If you go via your GP, you will need to pay their standard consultation fee which is reimbursed at 70%.

With the invitation letter, another option is to order a self-administered test online for home-delivery at monkit.depistage-colorectal.fr.

Cervical cancer screening

It is estimated that 90% of cervical cancers (cancers gynécologiques) can be prevented by screening for precancerous lesions.

Women aged 25 to 65 are recommended to go for two initial smear tests one year apart and if the results are clear then further tests every three years. 

You can see a GP or gynaecologist for referrals to a smear test clinic.

If you have not had a test in the last three years, you are sent a letter inviting you for a test which is 100% reimbursed.

At other times you will be reimbursed at 70% of the test fee of around €20 plus the standard consultation fee.

Lung cancer screening

Lung cancer (cancer du poumon) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in France, mainly attributed to smoking. 

While routine screening is not yet recommended, trials are underway to explore the benefits of early detection for at-risk groups. 

Following a clinical examination, diagnosis typically involves a chest X-ray, CT scan, and biopsy.

Prostate cancer screening

Prostate cancer (cancer de la prostate) is the most common cancer among men in France. 

While some forms progress very slowly, your GP may recommend a test if you are over 50. 

Your GP will perform a rectal examination and you will also need a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). 

If the test shows a high level of PSA, you will be referred to a urologist (urologue) for a biopsy. This consultation will be about €50 and reimbursed at standard specialists' rates.

Skin cancer screening

Skin cancer, particularly melanoma (cancer de la peau or mélanome), has risen in prevalence due to increased UV exposure. 

Those at risk should regularly self-examine their skin and consult a dermatologist (dermatologue) annually. 

If you do notice any changes in moles or spots, you can also ask your GP for a referral to a dermatologist. 

Although you can book to see one directly, your reimbursement amount will be less this way.

Testicular cancer screening

While testicular cancer (cancer du testicule) is rare, it is the most common cancer in men aged 15 to 35.

Although there is no national screening programme, if you have any symptoms you can ask your GP to refer you to a urologist for a consultation.